What is it?
Ketoconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal medication most commonly used to treat fungal infections of the skin and scalp. It’s often found in medicated shampoos, creams, and prescription treatments. Originally developed for treating conditions like seborrhoeic dermatitis and athlete’s foot, ketoconazole also has mild anti-inflammatory properties, making it useful in some dermatological contexts.
How it works in skincare
In skincare and scalp care, ketoconazole works by disrupting the cell membranes of fungi such as Malassezia, a yeast that naturally lives on the skin but can overgrow and trigger inflammation. This yeast is associated with conditions like dandruff, seborrhoeic dermatitis, and fungal acne (more accurately known as Malassezia folliculitis). By reducing the yeast population, it helps calm inflammation, relieve itching, and restore balance to the skin.
On the face and body, ketoconazole is sometimes prescribed in cream form for treating areas of persistent irritation, redness, or breakouts linked to fungal activity. For the scalp, it’s most often used in shampoo form. Regular use can help manage flaking, oiliness, and sensitivity associated with overgrowth of yeast.
Emerging research also suggests that ketoconazole may help regulate sebum production and reduce inflammation in some forms of acne, although it’s not a first-line treatment for bacterial acne. Some dermatologists use it as part of combination therapy, particularly where fungal and bacterial issues overlap.
It’s important to use ketoconazole as directed, as overuse or misuse can disrupt the skin’s natural microbiome. While generally well tolerated, it may cause dryness or irritation in some individuals, especially when used alongside other active ingredients. Always patch test or consult a healthcare professional before introducing medicated products to a skincare routine.
