What they are
Enzymes are naturally occurring proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in the skin. In skincare, they’re most commonly derived from fruits like papaya (papain), pineapple (bromelain) and pumpkin, although some are bioengineered for stability and precision. Unlike acids, which dissolve bonds between dead skin cells, enzymes work more selectively, gently breaking down keratin, the protein that makes up the outermost layer of skin. This makes them especially useful for mild exfoliation, brightening and improving texture without irritation.
How enzymes work in skincare
When applied topically, enzymes in skincare help to digest and loosen dead cells on the surface of the skin, revealing a smoother, more radiant complexion underneath. Because they’re self-limiting (meaning they stop working once they’ve digested available surface proteins) enzymes are less likely to cause over-exfoliation and barrier damage than stronger chemical exfoliants such as AHAs and BHAs.
Enzymatic exfoliation can improve skin tone, help unclog pores and enhance the absorption of other active ingredients. Enzymes are ideal for sensitive and dry skin types, and anyone looking for a more balanced way to refresh dull skin. Formulations often pair enzymes with hydrating or calming agents such as aloe vera, glycerin and green tea to keep skin comforted during exfoliation.
How enzymes work in body and hand care
For your skin below the chin, enzymes in body care are used to smooth rough areas without the need for physical scrubbing. On the hands, enzymes can help soften dry, hardened cuticles and improve the texture of the skin, which can often become thickened or rough through frequent washing and exposure to detergents. Regular use of enzymes leaves the skin softer, clearer and more even in tone.
