What they are
Enzymes are naturally occurring proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in the skin. In skincare, they’re most commonly derived from fruits like papaya (papain), pineapple (bromelain), or pumpkin, though some are bioengineered for stability and precision. Unlike acids, which dissolve bonds between dead skin cells, enzymes work more selectively, gently breaking down keratin – the protein that makes up the outermost layer of skin. This makes them especially useful for mild exfoliation, brightening, and improving texture without irritation.
How they work in skincare
When applied topically, the enzymes in skincare help to digest and loosen dead cells on the surface of the skin, revealing a smoother, more radiant complexion underneath. Because they’re self-limiting (meaning they stop working once they’ve digested available surface proteins) they’re less likely to cause over-exfoliation or barrier damage than stronger chemical exfoliants like AHAs or BHAs.
Enzymatic exfoliation can improve skin tone, help unclog pores, and enhance the absorption of other active ingredients. They’re ideal for sensitive or dry skin types, or anyone looking for a more balanced way to refresh dull skin. Formulations often pair enzymes with hydrating or calming agents like aloe vera, glycerin, or green tea to keep skin comforted during exfoliation.
How they work in body and hand care
For your skin below the chin, enzymes in skincare are used to smooth rough areas without the need for physical scrubbing. On the hands, they can help soften dry, hardened cuticles and improve the texture of the skin, which can often become thickened or rough with frequent washing or exposure to detergents. Regular use leaves the skin softer, clearer, and more even in tone.
